| International Actions |
Canada
and Canadian Forces
National and Overseas Actions |
Other |
| June
June 28 Archduke Francis Ferdinand,
heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary assassinated in
Sarajevo, Bosnia. |
June
June 12 Canadian parliament
prorogued (current session of parliament
cancelled). |
June
|
| July
July 23 Austrian ultimatum to
Serbia.
July 23 Government of Belgium declares neutrality
"whatever the consequences".
July 25 Serbia mobilizes.
July 26 Austro-Hungarian partial mobilization.
July 27 German High Seas Fleet recalled from Norway to war
bases. July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia. July 29 Russia calls reserves to colors. Partial
mobilization against Austria. July 29
Bombardment of Belgrade. July 29 Britain gathers her navy
in the North Sea and rejects German call for British neutrality. July 29 Austria-Hungary invasions of
Serbia to December 9th repeatedly repulsed.
July 30 Australian Navy placed at disposal of British
Admiralty.
July 31 Belgian government orders mobilization. July 31 Germany
sends ultimatum to Russia and declares martial law. Stock
markets of the world close. |
July
July 29 Precautionary stage defence
scheme ordered.
July 30 12,000 Ross rifles
delivered out of orders totaling 30,000.
July 30 Militia council meets to discuss 1st Contingent of
20,000 to 25,000 men. July 31 Prime
Minister Borden returns from vacation in Muskoska. July 31
Authorized establishment of the Canadian Militia reported at
77,233 all ranks (differs from actual strength). July 31
Secret memorandum to Officers Commanding from the Minister of
Militia to consider what procedure you would adopt on
receiving orders that troops were to be raised in your command
for service overseas. Prior mobilization scheme to be
ignored. |
July
|
| August
Aug. 1 Germany declares war on
Russia. Aug. 1 France orders mobilization. Aug. 2
Germans enter Luxemburg. Aug. 2 German ultimatum to Belgium
demanding passage through Belgian territory.
Aug. 2 British Navy mobilized to protect French coast on North
Sea and English Channel Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 3 Italy declares neutrality.
Aug. 3 Britain guarantees armed support to Belgium in the
event of German violation of Belgian neutrality.
Aug. 3 Turkey signs secret treaty of alliance with Germany. Aug. 4
Austria begins invasion of Serbia. Aug. 4 Germany invades
Belgium. Aug. 4 Great Britain declares war on Germany at 11
pm. Aug. 4 US President Wilson declares policy of US
neutrality. Aug. 5 Germany declares war on Belgium. Germans attack
Belgian Fort of Liege. Montenegro declares war on
Austria-Hungary. Aug. 6 Austria-Hungary
declares war on Russia. Serbia declares war on Germany.
Aug. 6 "Battle of Frontiers" begins in France. Aug. 7 Russians invade East
Prussia. French invade Alsace.
Aug. 7 First units of British Expeditionary Force (BEF) land
in France. Aug. 8 Montenegro declares
war on Austria and enters state-of-war with Germany.
Aug. 8 Hostilities commence in East Africa and in Togoland. Aug. 9 French take Mulhausen in
Alsace. Aug. 9 Germans take Liege. Aug. 9 Serbia
declares war on Germany. Aug. 10 France declares war on
Austria. Aug. 10 German warships Goeben and Breslau enter Dardanelles
(Gallipoli). Aug. 11 Germans enter France through
Luxemburg. Aug. 11 French driven from Mulhausen. Aug. 12
Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 13 Austria invades Serbia.
Aug. 13 Four squadrons Royal Flying Corps fly to France. Aug. 15 Japan's ultimatum
sent to Germany demanding evacuation of Tsingtau. Aug. 15 Last of Liege forts captured by
Germans.
Aug. 16 Completion of landing of 4 Infantry and 1 Cavalry
Division in France. Aug. 17 Belgian government moves from Brussels
to Antwerp. Aug. 17 Last Belgian fort of Liege
surrenders. Aug. 17 Russia invades East Prussia. Aug.
16- 23 Serbians drive Austrian invaders out of Serbia in
Battle of the Jadar. Aug. 19 Belgians defeated before
Louvain. Aug. 20 French invasion of Germany defeated in
battle of Morhange. Aug. 20 Germans enter Brussels. Aug.
20-21 Russians defeat Germans at Gumbinnen.
Aug. 21 British Government issues orders for raising of first
new Army of 6 Divisions. Aug. 22 Germans
take Namur. Aug. 22 French and Germans meet in Belgium in
battle of Charleroi. Aug. 23 British and French defeated at
Mons. Aug. 23 Japan declares war on Germany. Aug. 23
Retreat of British French, Mons to the Marne to September
6th. Aug. 23-26 Austrians defeat Russians at battle
of Krasnik.
Aug. 24 Indian Expeditionary Force embarks India for France. Aug. 25 Austria declares war on Japan. Aug.
26 The sacking of Louvain. Noyon, Cambrai Douai occupied by
German forces. Aug. 26 Germans surrender
Togoland to Allied Forces.
Aug. 26 First Battle of Lemberg (Galacia). Aug. 26 First bomb dropped from Zeppelin on
Antwerp. Aug. 27 Surrender of Longwy. Aug. 28 Naval
battle of Heligoland. Aug. 28 Austria declares war on
Belgium. Aug. 29-Aug. 31 Germans defeat Russians in battle
of Tannenberg. Aug. 30 Austrian invasion of Serbia
defeated.
Aug. 30 Samoa occupied by New Zealand Expeditionary Force.
Aug. 31 German forces enter Amiens. |
August
Aug. 1 Cablegram to Colonial
Office. Aug. 2 Minister of Militia takes over control of
cables and Minister of the Naval Service takes over control of
wireless telegraphy. Aug. 3 Canadian Navy strength reported
to have reduced to 393 officers and ratings. HMCS Rainbow
leaves Esquimalt to guard Pacific trade routes. Aug. 4 Word
received in Ottawa at 8:45 pm that war had broken out with
Germany. Aug. 4 Germans crossing the Belgian Frontier with
elements of 3 armies. Aug. 4 Governor General cables London
to offer Canadian troops, after sufficient standard of
training. Aug. 4 Canadian permanent Navy and Volunteer
Reserve placed on active service. H.M.C.S. Rainbow and Niobe
put at His Majesty's disposal for service with the Royal
Navy.
Aug. 5 Proclamation calling special War Session of Parliament.
Authority to call out the Active Militia for active service
and mobilization. Aug. 5 Negotiations complete for purchase and
delivery of 2 completed submarines (made for Chilean
government). Aug. 6 British government accepts offer from
Canada to "send a force". Aug. 6 Night telegram send to 226
Militia Commanders giving immediate effect to Cabinet Order,
requesting "descriptive rolls" of 18 to 45 year old volunteers
who could meet prescribed physical standards be submitted by
August 12th. (Officers Commanding Divisions and Districts
received only a copy of the communication). Aug. 6
Valcartier, Quebec named as place of mobilization. Aug. 7 H.M.C.S
Rainbow arrives in San Francisco. Aug. 7 British War
Office accepts offer of one Canadian Cavalry Regiment and two
regular horse artillery batteries. Aug. 8 Camp Valcartier
officially taken over. Aug. 10 A second order for 30,000
Ross Rifles was placed. Construction on Valcartier rifle
ranges and waterworks commenced. Contract let for the clothing
of 50,000 troops. Aug. 10 Order in Council set the strength
of the contingent at 25,000. August 6th order reversed and
Districts advised of divisional formations and units that each
must provide. Aug. 14 British Government accepted an offer
of 4 additional Canadian units of 1,000 men each.
Aug. 17 Formal authorization for 1st Canadian Contingent. Aug. 17
First four British (BEF) infantry divisions and one cavalry
division land in France. Aug. 18 Canadian parliament meets
in emergency session under Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister. Aug. 18 First group of volunteers
reach the mobilization camp at Valcartier. Aug. 20
Completion of 3.5 miles of rifle ranges at Valcartier and
1,500 targets in place. 12 miles of water mains and 15 miles
of drains completed. Aug. 21 French 3rd and 4th armies fail
in action against the Germans into the Ardennes
forests. Aug. 22 Camp Order at Valcartier lists 12
Battalions.
Aug. 22 Special Session of Parliament prorogued after passing
War Appropriation Act, War Measures Act, Finance Act and
Canadian Patriotic Fund Act. Aug. 23 Battle of Mons is underway in
France Aug. 26 Camp Valcartier Commandant ordered to
mobilize two R.C.H.A. Batteries. Aug. 26 British take a
stand at Le Cateau resulting in 8,000 British and 9,000 German
casualties.
Aug. 28 PPCLI embarked at Montreal but held in
Canada until 1st Contingent ready to sail. Aug. 29 Artillery units begin arriving at Camp
Valcartier.
__. Proposal of Captain A. Hamilton
Gault to raise a battalion of ex-soldiers and to contribute
$100,000, to be called Princess Patricia's Canadian Light
Infantry. __. PPCLI ready to sail within 3 weeks of
authorization. __. Mobilization of 11 Militia engineer
units, Divisional Ammunition Park, Divisional Supply Column.
Reserve Park and Railway Supply Detachment. __.
Mobilization of Medical Services and commissioning of No. 1
Stationary Hospital and Casualty Clearing Station at
Valcartier.
|
August
Aug. 1 Denmark declares neutrality
in the Austro-Hungarian/Serbian war. Aug. 4 Denmark
declares neutrality when Russia and France exchange
declarations of war with Germany. Aug. 4 Commencement of
casualty reporting date for Commonwealth
War Graves Commission. Aug. 5 Reports of German
vessels laying mines in the Langeland Belt (Denmark). Danish
navy lay mines and block the Sound and both Belts to ensure
neutrality.
Aug. 25 Sir Sam Hughes offers Lord Kitchener Canadian Aviators
with the 1st Contingent. Two (2) aviators and one (1) plane
went to England but never saw battle.
|
| September
Sept. 1-7 First battle of Nancy
checks the German attack on France from the east. Sept. 2
Japanese forces land on Shantung peninsula to attack Tsingtau. Sept. 2 Russians take
Lemberg (Galicia).
Sept. 2 French government transferred from Paris to Bordeaux
until November 18th. Sept. 3 French government moves from Paris to
Bordeaux. Sept. 3 Entente Treaty ("Pact of
London") to make only a common
peace (Great Britain, France, Russia). Sept. 4 Russians
defeat Austrians, Rawaruska, and Tomaszov to September 8th.
Sept 5 German forces cross frontier of Northern Rhodesia. Sept.
5 Battle of the Marne to September 10th.. Sept. 7-13 Germans defeat Russians in East
Prussia.
Sept. 8 Austrian 2nd invasion of Serbia.
Sept. 9 Surrender of
Maubeuge.
Sept. 11 Australian Expeditionary Forces land on Bismarck
Archipelago (German New Guinea) with German capitulation on
17th.
Sept. 11 British government issues orders for 2nd New Army of
6 Divisions. Sept. 12 Battle of the Aisne starts and ends
on 15th. Sept. 13
French retake Rheims.
Sept. 13 |
September
Sept. 1 Valcartier Camp Orders
amend organization of August 2nd to 16 Provisional Battalions
and 4 Provisional Brigades. Lt.-Col. Burstall appointed to
command Divisional Artillery. Sept. 1 Retrofit of HMCS
Niobe completed in Halifax. Sept. 4 German General von
Moltke attempts breakthrough of Fench lines to Paris with 3
armies. Sept. 5 Lord Kitchener, Secretary of State for War,
accepted Canadian preference of General Alderson to command
the Canadian Division. Sept. 6 Royal Canadian Regiment
embarked at Quebec for Halifax and then guard duty in Bermuda. Sept. 6
Battle of the Marne (German, French, British) results in block
of German advance. Sept. 8 Troop strength at Valcartier
reached 32,665.
Sept. 9 Royal Canadian Regiment embarks Halifax for garrison
duty in Bermuda in relief of 2nd Lincolnshire Regiment. Sept. 13 "Race to the Sea" begins with
outflanking actions in Europe and start of extended trench
warfare. Sept. 14 Prime Minister approves Hughe's proposal
to embark with tow complete cavalry regiments (Royal Canadian
Dragoons and Lord Strathcona's Horse). Sept. 16 Order
issued to mobilize Nursing Sisters. Sept. 19 Infantry
qualification near completion at Valcartier (50 rounds at 300
yards). Sept. 21 All men at Camp Valcartier to proceed to
England, regardless of determination of physical fitness. 17th
and 18th Provisional Battalions formed to take surplus
infantry. Sept. 23 Embarkation of mounted troops
begins at Valcartier. Sept. 25 General Alderson appointed
command of Canadian Division, to take effect in September
1914. Sept. 25 Formation of the 22nd Battalion proposed by
a distinguished delegation from Quebec to the Prime Minister
of Canada. Sept. 27 18th Provisional Battalion disbanded
prior to being filled. Sept._ PPCLI and First Contingent
crossed the Atlantic in convoy. |
September
Sept. 22 First use of wireless
telegraphy from British Royal Flying Corps to artillery units. |
| October
Oct. 5 British troops
join Belgians in Antwerp.
Oct. 7 Belgian Government transferred from Antwerp to Ostend. Oct. 9 Germans capture
Antwerp. Oct. 9 First German offensive against
Warsaw. Oct. 10-12
Battle of Lille. Oct. 12 Germans capture Ghent.
Oct. 13 Battle of Armentieres to November 2nd. Oct. 14
Dutch revolt begun against British in South Africa. Oct. 14
First Battle of Ypres to November 22nd. Oct. 15 Germans
take Ostend. Oct. 15-23 Germans driven back from Poland in
battle of Warsaw.
Oct. 16 New Zealand Expeditionary Force departs for France.
Australian force departs on 17th. Oct. 17-Nov. 11 Battle of Ypres and the
Yser.
Oct. 18 Battle of
destroyers off Dutch coast. First bombardment of Ostend by
British warships. Oct. 19 First Battle of Ypres to November
22nd. First Indian units reach Flanders front. Oct. 26 Italians occupy Avlona,
Albania. Oct. 29 Turkey begins hostilities against Russia
on the side of the Central Powers. Oct. 29 Belgians block
Germans by opening the Yser dykes. |
October
Oct. 1 Thirty loaded transports of
CEF equipment move into the St. Lawrence. Oct. 3 First
Contingent (30,621 strong) sails out of Gaspe Harbour for England. Oct. 4
Governor General offers to Britain to place and maintain a 2nd
Contingent (Division) of 20,000 men.
Oct. 7 Sir Sam Hughes announces at press conference in New
York that 500,00 picked men can be supplied to the Government.
Oct. 3-14 The first Canadian army
crosses the Atlantic to aid Britain. Diverted from Southampton
to Plymouth. Oct. 14 First Contingent arrived in the United
Kingdom at Plymouth Sound. Alderson promoted Lieutenant
General and Command of Canadian Division. Oct. 15 First
Canadian troops land in the United Kingdom.
Oct. 16 CEF HQ established at "The Bustard" on the
Salisbury Plain. Oct. 24 Last
units of the Canadian Contingent off load at Plymouth. Oct.
At end of month United Kingdom accepts offer for 2nd Canadian contingent. |
October
Oct. 5 Newfoundland Regiment
joins Canadian convoy off Cape Race.
Oct. 22 US Government issues note to belligerent governments
insisting on rules of International Law. |
| November
Nov. 1 Sea battle off Coronel,
Chile. Nov. 1 Invasion of Serbia begins. Great Britain and
Turkey commence hostilities.
Nov. 1 German forces take Messines.
Nov. 2 Russia declares war on Turkey.
Nov. 3 Allied forces bombard entrance of Dardanelles
(Gallipoli). Nov. 4 British attack on Tanga, German East
Africa, defeated. Nov. 5 Great Britain and France formally
declare war on Turkey. Great Britain annexes Cyprus. Belgium
rejects Papal mediation. Nov. 5 Second Austrian invasion of
Serbia begun.
Nov. 6 Advance troops of Indian Expeditionary Force land in
Mesopotamia. Nov. 7 Japanese take Tsingtau. Nov. 9
German cruiser "Emden" destroyed in Indian Ocean (Cocos
Island) by H.M.C.S Sydney.
Nov. 9 British Prime Minister denounces military domination of
Prussia and France. Nov. 11 2nd Battle of Cracow Warsaw (Galacia)
begins.
Nov. 11 Battle of Nonne Boschen (Ypres). Nov. 12 Second
German invasion of Poland begun. Nov. 16 German success on
PlockWarthe line, Poland. Nov. 19-28 Battle of Lodz.
Nov. 22 British forces occupy Basra (Mesopotamia). Nov. 23
Portugal joins the Allies.
Nov. 30 Battle of Russian Poland begins, to December 17th. |
November
Nov. 1 Training resumes in England
and continues for 13 weeks.
Nov. 1 First loss of Canadian Forces as 4 midshipmen lost in
Battle of Coronel (off Chile).
Nov. 4 King, Queen and Lord Kitchener inspect the 1st
Contingent.
Nov. 7 Mobilization of 2nd Contingent ordered.
Nov. 8 The first Canadian unit in
France, as No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital arrives Boulogne
from Salisbury Plain.
Nov. 9 Minister of Militia and Defence, Sir Sam Hughes,
returns to Ottawa from England. Nov. 16 PPCLI leaves
"Bustard Camp" to join 89th
British Brigade (27th Division) in England (Winchester).
Nov. 17 Divisional Artillery reorganized to twelve 4 gun
Batteries from nine 6 gun Batteries. |
November
|
| December
Dec. 1 New Zealand and Australian
Forces arrive in Suez.
Dec. 1 South African revolt breaks
down. Dec. 2 Austrians take Belgrade. Dec. 6 Germans
take Lodz. Dec. 6 Austrian rout in Serbia. Dec. 6-14
Serbians defeat Austrians, retake Belgrade. Dec. 8 Naval
battle off Falkland Islands. Admiral Spee's squadron
destroyed. Dec. 9 British advance in
Mesopotamia.
Dec. 13 British sub sinks Turkish battleship Messudiyeh
in Dardanelles. Dec. 16 German raid on Scarborough,
England. Dec. 18 Germans take Lowicz.
Dec. 18 British protectorate over Egypt proclaimed.
Dec. 20 British defence of Givenchy. Dec. 21 First
German air raid on Britain (see also 16th?). Dec. 25 British sea and air
raid on Cuxhaven. Dec. 28 Germans repulsed from
Warsaw. Organized rebellion in South Africa ends. |
December
__. Newfoundland Regiment goes
north to train at Fort George UK in the Scottish Command (88th
Brigade, 29th Division). Dec. 7 Report filed on conditions
at Camp related to medical issues from poor conditions on
Salisbury Plain. Dec. 15 10th Infantry Battalion
transferred from 4th to 2nd Infantry Brigade as 6th Battalion
(Fort Gary Horse) became reserve cavalry regiment. Dec. 17
Move of Canadian Engineers and 2nd & 3rd Infantry Brigades
from tents to huts completed at Larkhill. Dec. 20 PPCLI
embarked Southampton for Le Havre. Dec. 21 PPCLI lands in
France. Dec. 26 BEF now reinforced to 11 regular infantry
divisions and 5 cavalry divisions, now as 2
armies. |
December
Dec. 3 Japanese request that
Australians not occupy German islands north of the equator.
British government agrees.
Dec.. 20 Newfoundland Regiment to Fort George, Scotland.
Dec. 25 Unofficial "Christmas
Truce" between German and British troops in the
trenches. |