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1914

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This Page Last Updated January 26, 2009

Chronology 1914

This page is part of the "Chronology of the Great War", a Matrix Utility created to highlight what was happening within many nations during this period, relative to the actions that involved the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during that same period. There are separate pages for each of these years in the Chronology:

We welcome the addition of events that are not reported here on either a national or international basis. Additional information and suggested corrections to the chronology are shown in Column 3. We have added a calendar for each year so that dates can be referenced.

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International Actions  Canada and Canadian Forces
National and Overseas Actions
Other
June

June 28 Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.

June

June 12 Canadian parliament prorogued (current session of parliament cancelled).

June

 

July

July 23 Austrian ultimatum to Serbia.
July 23 Government of Belgium declares neutrality "whatever the consequences".
July 25 Serbia mobilizes.
July 26 Austro-Hungarian partial mobilization.
July 27 German High Seas Fleet recalled from Norway to war bases.
July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
July 29 Russia calls reserves to colors. Partial mobilization against Austria.
July 29 Bombardment of Belgrade.
July 29 Britain gathers her navy in the North Sea and rejects German call for British neutrality.
July 29 Austria-Hungary invasions of Serbia to December 9th repeatedly repulsed.
July 30 Australian Navy placed at disposal of British Admiralty.
July 31 Belgian government orders mobilization.
July 31 Germany sends ultimatum to Russia and declares martial law. Stock markets of the world close.

July

July 29 Precautionary stage defence scheme ordered.
July 30 12,000 Ross rifles delivered out of orders totaling 30,000.
July 30 Militia council meets to discuss 1st Contingent of 20,000 to 25,000 men.
July 31 Prime Minister Borden returns from vacation in Muskoska.
July 31 Authorized establishment of the Canadian Militia reported at 77,233 all ranks (differs from actual strength).
July 31 Secret memorandum to Officers Commanding from the Minister of Militia to consider what procedure you would adopt on receiving orders that troops were to be raised in your command for service overseas. Prior mobilization scheme to be ignored.

July

 

August

Aug. 1 Germany declares war on Russia.
Aug. 1 France orders mobilization.
Aug. 2 Germans enter Luxemburg.
Aug. 2 German ultimatum to Belgium demanding passage through Belgian territory.
Aug. 2 British Navy mobilized to protect French coast on North Sea and English Channel
Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 3 Italy declares neutrality.
Aug. 3 Britain guarantees armed support to Belgium in the event of German violation of Belgian neutrality.
Aug. 3 Turkey signs secret treaty of alliance with Germany.
Aug. 4 Austria begins invasion of Serbia.
Aug. 4 Germany invades Belgium.
Aug. 4 Great Britain declares war on Germany at 11 pm.
Aug. 4 US President Wilson declares policy of US neutrality.
Aug. 5 Germany declares war on Belgium. Germans attack Belgian Fort of Liege. Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. Serbia declares war on Germany.
Aug. 6 "Battle of Frontiers" begins in France.
Aug. 7 Russians invade East Prussia. French invade Alsace.
Aug. 7 First units of British Expeditionary Force (BEF) land in France.
Aug. 8 Montenegro declares war on Austria and enters state-of-war with Germany.
Aug. 8 Hostilities commence in East Africa and in Togoland.
Aug. 9 French take Mulhausen in Alsace.
Aug. 9 Germans take Liege.
Aug. 9 Serbia declares war on Germany.
Aug. 10 France declares war on Austria.
Aug. 10 German warships Goeben and Breslau enter Dardanelles (Gallipoli).
Aug. 11 Germans enter France through Luxemburg.
Aug. 11 French driven from Mulhausen.
Aug. 12 Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 13 Austria invades Serbia.
Aug. 13 Four squadrons Royal Flying Corps fly to France.
Aug. 15 Japan's ultimatum sent to Germany demanding evacuation of Tsingtau.
Aug. 15 Last of Liege forts captured by Germans.
Aug. 16 Completion of landing of 4 Infantry and 1 Cavalry Division in France.
Aug. 17 Belgian government moves from Brussels to Antwerp.
Aug. 17 Last Belgian fort of Liege surrenders.
Aug. 17 Russia invades East Prussia.
Aug. 16- 23 Serbians drive Austrian invaders out of Serbia in Battle of the Jadar.
Aug. 19 Belgians defeated before Louvain.
Aug. 20 French invasion of Germany defeated in battle of Morhange.
Aug. 20 Germans enter Brussels.
Aug. 20-21 Russians defeat Germans at Gumbinnen.
Aug. 21 British Government issues orders for raising of first new Army of 6 Divisions.
Aug. 22 Germans take Namur.
Aug. 22 French and Germans meet in Belgium in battle of Charleroi.
Aug. 23 British and French defeated at Mons.
Aug. 23 Japan declares war on Germany.
Aug. 23 Retreat of British French, Mons to the Marne to September 6th. 
Aug. 23-26 Austrians defeat Russians at battle of Krasnik.
Aug. 24 Indian Expeditionary Force embarks India for France.
Aug. 25 Austria declares war on Japan.
Aug. 26 The sacking of Louvain. Noyon, Cambrai Douai occupied by German forces.
Aug. 26 Germans surrender Togoland to Allied Forces.
Aug. 26 First Battle of Lemberg (Galacia).
Aug. 26 First bomb dropped from Zeppelin on Antwerp.
Aug. 27 Surrender of Longwy.
Aug. 28 Naval battle of Heligoland.
Aug. 28 Austria declares war on Belgium.
Aug. 29-Aug. 31 Germans defeat Russians in battle of Tannenberg.
Aug. 30 Austrian invasion of Serbia defeated.
Aug. 30 Samoa occupied by New Zealand Expeditionary Force.
Aug. 31 German forces enter Amiens.

August

Aug. 1 Cablegram to Colonial Office.
Aug. 2 Minister of Militia takes over control of cables and Minister of the Naval Service takes over control of wireless telegraphy.
Aug. 3 Canadian Navy strength reported to have reduced to 393 officers and ratings. HMCS Rainbow leaves Esquimalt to guard Pacific trade routes.
Aug. 4 Word received in Ottawa at 8:45 pm that war had broken out with Germany.
Aug. 4 Germans crossing the Belgian Frontier with elements of 3 armies.
Aug. 4 Governor General cables London to offer Canadian troops, after sufficient standard of training.
Aug. 4 Canadian permanent Navy and Volunteer Reserve placed on active service.  H.M.C.S. Rainbow and Niobe put at His Majesty's disposal for service with the Royal Navy.
Aug. 5 Proclamation calling special War Session of Parliament. Authority to call out the Active Militia for active service and mobilization.
Aug. 5 Negotiations complete for purchase and delivery of 2 completed submarines (made for Chilean government).
Aug. 6 British government accepts offer from Canada to "send a force".
Aug. 6 Night telegram send to 226 Militia Commanders giving immediate effect to Cabinet Order, requesting "descriptive rolls" of 18 to 45 year old volunteers who could meet prescribed physical standards be submitted by August 12th. (Officers Commanding Divisions and Districts received only a copy of the communication).
Aug. 6 Valcartier, Quebec named as place of mobilization.
Aug. 7 H.M.C.S Rainbow arrives in San Francisco.
Aug. 7 British War Office accepts offer of one Canadian Cavalry Regiment and two regular horse artillery batteries.
Aug. 8 Camp Valcartier officially taken over.
Aug. 10 A second order for 30,000 Ross Rifles was placed. Construction on Valcartier rifle ranges and waterworks commenced. Contract let for the clothing of 50,000 troops.
Aug. 10 Order in Council set the strength of the contingent at 25,000. August 6th order reversed and Districts advised of divisional formations and units that each must provide.
Aug. 14 British Government accepted an offer of 4 additional Canadian units of 1,000 men each.
Aug. 17 Formal authorization for 1st Canadian Contingent.
Aug. 17 First four British (BEF) infantry divisions and one cavalry division land in France.
Aug. 18 Canadian parliament meets in emergency session under Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister.
Aug. 18 First group of volunteers reach the mobilization camp at Valcartier.
Aug. 20 Completion of 3.5 miles of rifle ranges at Valcartier and 1,500 targets in place. 12 miles of water mains and 15 miles of drains completed.
Aug. 21 French 3rd and 4th armies fail in action against the Germans into the Ardennes forests.
Aug. 22 Camp Order at Valcartier lists 12 Battalions.
Aug. 22 Special Session of Parliament prorogued after passing War Appropriation Act, War Measures Act, Finance Act and Canadian Patriotic Fund Act.
Aug. 23 Battle of Mons is underway in France
Aug. 26 Camp Valcartier Commandant ordered to mobilize two R.C.H.A. Batteries.
Aug. 26 British take a stand at Le Cateau resulting in 8,000 British and 9,000 German casualties.
Aug. 28 PPCLI embarked at Montreal but held in Canada until 1st Contingent ready to sail.
Aug. 29 Artillery units begin arriving at Camp Valcartier.

__. Proposal of Captain A. Hamilton Gault to raise a battalion of ex-soldiers and to contribute $100,000, to be called Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.
__. PPCLI ready to sail within 3 weeks of authorization.
__. Mobilization of 11 Militia engineer units, Divisional Ammunition Park, Divisional Supply Column. Reserve Park and Railway Supply Detachment.
__. Mobilization of Medical Services and commissioning of No. 1 Stationary Hospital and Casualty Clearing Station at Valcartier.

August

Aug. 1 Denmark declares neutrality in the Austro-Hungarian/Serbian war. 
Aug. 4 Denmark declares neutrality when Russia and France exchange declarations of war with Germany.
Aug. 4 Commencement of casualty reporting date for Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Aug. 5 Reports of German vessels laying mines in the Langeland Belt (Denmark). Danish navy lay mines and block the Sound and both Belts to ensure neutrality. 
Aug. 25 Sir Sam Hughes offers Lord Kitchener Canadian Aviators with the 1st Contingent. Two (2) aviators and one (1) plane went to England but never saw battle.

September

Sept. 1-7 First battle of Nancy checks the German attack on France from the east.
Sept. 2 Japanese forces land on Shantung peninsula to attack Tsingtau.
Sept. 2 Russians take Lemberg (Galicia).
Sept. 2 French government transferred from Paris to Bordeaux until November 18th.
Sept. 3 French government moves from Paris to Bordeaux.
Sept. 3 Entente Treaty ("Pact of London") to make only a common peace (Great Britain, France, Russia).
Sept. 4 Russians defeat Austrians, Rawaruska, and Tomaszov to September 8th.
Sept 5 German forces cross frontier of Northern Rhodesia.
Sept. 5 Battle of the Marne to September 10th..
Sept. 7-13 Germans defeat Russians in East Prussia.
Sept. 8 Austrian 2nd invasion of Serbia.
Sept. 9 Surrender of Maubeuge.
Sept. 11 Australian Expeditionary Forces land on Bismarck Archipelago (German New Guinea) with German capitulation on 17th.
Sept. 11 British government issues orders for 2nd New Army of 6 Divisions.
Sept. 12 Battle of the Aisne starts and ends on 15th.
Sept. 13 French retake Rheims.
Sept. 13

September

Sept. 1 Valcartier Camp Orders amend organization of August 2nd to 16 Provisional Battalions and 4 Provisional Brigades. Lt.-Col. Burstall appointed to command Divisional Artillery.
Sept. 1 Retrofit of HMCS Niobe completed in Halifax.
Sept. 4 German General von Moltke attempts breakthrough of Fench lines to Paris with 3 armies.
Sept. 5 Lord Kitchener, Secretary of State for War, accepted Canadian preference of General Alderson to command the Canadian Division.
Sept. 6 Royal Canadian Regiment embarked at Quebec for Halifax and then guard duty in Bermuda.
Sept. 6 Battle of the Marne (German, French, British) results in block of German advance.
Sept. 8 Troop strength at Valcartier reached 32,665.
Sept. 9 Royal Canadian Regiment embarks Halifax for garrison duty in Bermuda in relief of 2nd Lincolnshire Regiment.
Sept. 13 "Race to the Sea" begins with outflanking actions in Europe and start of extended trench warfare.
Sept. 14 Prime Minister approves Hughe's proposal to embark with tow complete cavalry regiments (Royal Canadian Dragoons and Lord Strathcona's Horse). 
Sept. 16 Order issued to mobilize Nursing Sisters.
Sept. 19 Infantry qualification near completion at Valcartier (50 rounds at 300 yards).
Sept. 21 All men at Camp Valcartier to proceed to England, regardless of determination of physical fitness. 17th and 18th Provisional Battalions formed to take surplus infantry. 
Sept. 23 Embarkation of mounted troops begins at Valcartier.
Sept. 25 General Alderson appointed command of Canadian Division, to take effect in September 1914.
Sept. 25 Formation of the 22nd Battalion proposed by a distinguished delegation from Quebec to the Prime Minister of Canada.
Sept. 27 18th Provisional Battalion disbanded prior to being filled.
Sept._ PPCLI and First Contingent crossed the Atlantic in convoy.

September

Sept. 22 First use of wireless telegraphy from British Royal Flying Corps to artillery units.

October

Oct. 5 British troops join Belgians in Antwerp.
Oct. 7 Belgian Government transferred from Antwerp to Ostend.
Oct. 9 Germans capture Antwerp. 
Oct. 9 First German offensive against Warsaw.
Oct. 10-12 Battle of Lille.
Oct. 12 Germans capture Ghent.
Oct. 13 Battle of Armentieres to November 2nd.
Oct. 14 Dutch revolt begun against British in South Africa.
Oct. 14 First Battle of Ypres to November 22nd.
Oct. 15 Germans take Ostend.
Oct. 15-23 Germans driven back from Poland in battle of Warsaw.
Oct. 16 New Zealand Expeditionary Force departs for France. Australian force departs on 17th.
Oct. 17-Nov. 11 Battle of Ypres and the Yser.
Oct. 18 Battle of destroyers off Dutch coast. First bombardment of Ostend by British warships.
Oct. 19 First Battle of Ypres to November 22nd. First Indian units reach Flanders front.
Oct. 26 Italians occupy Avlona, Albania.
Oct. 29 Turkey begins hostilities against Russia on the side of the Central Powers.
Oct. 29 Belgians block Germans by opening the Yser dykes.

October

Oct. 1 Thirty loaded transports of CEF equipment move into the St. Lawrence.
Oct. 3 First Contingent (30,621 strong) sails out of Gaspe Harbour for England.
Oct. 4 Governor General offers to Britain to place and maintain a 2nd Contingent (Division) of 20,000 men.
Oct. 7 Sir Sam Hughes announces at press conference in New York that 500,00 picked men can be supplied to the Government.
Oct. 3-14 The first Canadian army crosses the Atlantic to aid Britain. Diverted from Southampton to Plymouth.
Oct. 14 First Contingent arrived in the United Kingdom at Plymouth Sound. Alderson promoted Lieutenant General and Command of Canadian Division.
Oct. 15 First Canadian troops land in the United Kingdom.
Oct. 16 CEF HQ established at "The Bustard" on the Salisbury Plain.
Oct. 24 Last units of the Canadian Contingent off load at Plymouth.
Oct. At end of month United Kingdom accepts offer for 2nd Canadian contingent.

October

Oct. 5 Newfoundland Regiment joins Canadian convoy off Cape Race.
Oct. 22 US Government issues note to belligerent governments insisting on rules of International Law.

November

Nov. 1 Sea battle off Coronel, Chile.
Nov. 1 Invasion of Serbia begins. Great Britain and Turkey commence hostilities.
Nov. 1 German forces take Messines.
Nov. 2 Russia declares war on Turkey.
Nov. 3 Allied forces bombard entrance of Dardanelles (Gallipoli).
Nov. 4 British attack on Tanga, German East Africa, defeated.
Nov. 5 Great Britain and France formally declare war on Turkey. Great Britain annexes Cyprus. Belgium rejects Papal mediation.
Nov. 5 Second Austrian invasion of Serbia begun.
Nov. 6 Advance troops of Indian Expeditionary Force land in Mesopotamia.
Nov. 7 Japanese take Tsingtau.
Nov. 9 German cruiser "Emden" destroyed in Indian Ocean (Cocos Island) by H.M.C.S Sydney.
Nov. 9 British Prime Minister denounces military domination of Prussia and France.
Nov. 11 2nd Battle of Cracow Warsaw (Galacia) begins.
Nov. 11 Battle of Nonne Boschen (Ypres).
Nov. 12 Second German invasion of Poland begun.
Nov. 16 German success on PlockWarthe line, Poland.
Nov. 19-28 Battle of Lodz.
Nov. 22 British forces occupy Basra (Mesopotamia).
Nov. 23 Portugal joins the Allies.
Nov. 30 Battle of Russian Poland begins, to December 17th.

November

Nov. 1 Training resumes in England and continues for 13 weeks.
Nov. 1 First loss of Canadian Forces as 4 midshipmen lost in Battle of Coronel (off Chile).
Nov. 4 King, Queen and Lord Kitchener inspect the 1st Contingent.
Nov. 7 Mobilization of 2nd Contingent ordered.
Nov. 8 The first Canadian unit in France, as No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital arrives Boulogne from Salisbury Plain.
Nov. 9 Minister of Militia and Defence, Sir Sam Hughes, returns to Ottawa from England.
Nov. 16 PPCLI leaves "Bustard Camp" to join 89th British Brigade (27th Division) in England (Winchester).
Nov. 17 Divisional Artillery reorganized to twelve 4 gun Batteries from nine 6 gun Batteries.

November

 

December

Dec. 1 New Zealand and Australian Forces arrive in Suez.
Dec. 1 South African revolt breaks down.
Dec. 2 Austrians take Belgrade.
Dec. 6 Germans take Lodz.
Dec. 6 Austrian rout in Serbia.
Dec. 6-14 Serbians defeat Austrians, retake Belgrade.
Dec. 8 Naval battle off Falkland Islands. Admiral Spee's squadron destroyed.
Dec. 9 British advance in Mesopotamia.
Dec. 13 British sub sinks Turkish battleship  Messudiyeh in Dardanelles.
Dec. 16 German raid on Scarborough, England.
Dec. 18 Germans take Lowicz.
Dec. 18 British protectorate over Egypt proclaimed.
Dec. 20 British defence of Givenchy.
Dec. 21 First German air raid on Britain (see also 16th?).
Dec. 25 British sea and air raid on Cuxhaven.
Dec. 28 Germans repulsed from Warsaw. Organized rebellion in South Africa ends.

December

__. Newfoundland Regiment goes north to train at Fort George UK in the Scottish Command (88th Brigade, 29th Division).
Dec. 7 Report filed on conditions at Camp related to medical issues from poor conditions on Salisbury Plain.
Dec. 15 10th Infantry Battalion transferred from 4th to 2nd Infantry Brigade as 6th Battalion (Fort Gary Horse) became reserve cavalry regiment.
Dec. 17 Move of Canadian Engineers and 2nd & 3rd Infantry Brigades from tents to huts completed at Larkhill.
Dec. 20 PPCLI embarked Southampton for Le Havre.
Dec. 21 PPCLI lands in France.
Dec. 26 BEF now reinforced to 11 regular infantry divisions and 5 cavalry divisions, now as 2 armies.

December

Dec. 3 Japanese request that Australians not occupy German islands north of the equator. British government agrees.
Dec.. 20 Newfoundland Regiment to Fort George, Scotland.
Dec. 25 Unofficial "Christmas Truce" between German and British troops in the trenches.

  

Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Richard Laughton
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